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When The Urinary System Fails Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(181) " taint of piss in the aggregation bag \( Tambyah, 2001 \) Catheterization of the vesica involves presenting a gum elastic or plastic tubing through the urethra and into the vesica\." Normal riddance of urinary or nephritic wastes is a basic map that most people take for granted ( Potter A ; Perry, 2004 ) . When the urinary system fails to work decently, virtually all organ systems will be finally affected. For this ground, intercessions designed to battle nephritic troubles and failures are of paramount importance in my arrangement which is in the nephritic ward. We will write a custom essay sample on When The Urinary System Fails Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a nurse in the nephritic ward, understanding and a sensitiveness to all clients ‘ demands are of import. For this paper, a specific clinical scenario that normally happens in the nephritic ward is chosen. This status is urinary tract infection as a consequence of the catheterisation. The ground for taking this clinical status is that this is really common yet if left untreated can present serious injury to the patient. Body Urinary piece of land infections or more normally referred to as UTIs are responsible for more than 7 million physician visits a twelvemonth and are the most common hospital-acquired ( nosocomial ) infections in many states worldwide ( Foxman, 2002 ) . Many instances of urinary piece of land infections result from catheterisation or surgical use. Although several different micro-organisms may do this status, Escherichia coli remains the most common causative pathogen, responsible for 80 % of unsophisticated infections. Bacteria in the piss or bacteriuria may take to the spread of beings into the kidneys and blood stream, taking to urosepsis ( O’Donnell A ; Hofmann, 2002 ) . Microorganisms most normally enter the urinary piece of land through the go uping urethral path. Bacteria inhabit the distal urethra, external genital organ, and vagina in adult females. Organisms enter the urethral meatus easy and go up the inner mucosal run alonging to the vesica. Womans are more susceptible to infection because of the propinquity of the anus to the urethral meatus and because if the short urethra ( Potter A ; Perry, 2004 ) . Catheter interpolation is the primary hazard factor for nosocomial urinary piece of land infections. Womans and aged patients are at increased hazard for catheter-associated urinary piece of land infections, but several other hazard factors exist. Pre-existing chronic unwellness, malnutrition, diabetes, nephritic inadequacy, and interpolation of the catheter outside the operating room or late in hospitalization are each associated with increased hazard of urinary piece of land infections ( Crosby, 2005 ) . In work forces, prostate secernments that contain an antibacterial substance and the length of the urethra cut down the susceptiblenesss to urinary piece of land infections. Older grownups and patients with progressive implicit in disease or decreased unsusceptibility are besides at increased hazard. In a healthy individual with a good vesica map, beings are flushed out during invalidating. Residual piss in the vesica becomes more alkalic and is an ideal site for micro-organism growing. Any intervention with the free flow of urine can do infection. a kinked, obstructed, or clamped catheter and any status ensuing in urinary keeping addition the hazard of a vesica infection. In the infirmary scene, urinary piece of land infections occur as a consequence of catheterisation. Each twelvemonth, urinary catheters are inserted in more than 5 million patients in acute-care infirmaries and extended-care installations. Urinary piece of land infections are the 2nd most common nosocomial infections in infirmaries in Europe and the first in the United States ( Martin, 2001 ) . Catheter-associated urinary piece of land infection ( CAUTI ) is the most common nosocomial infection in infirmaries and nursing places, consisting [ is greater than ] 40 % of all institutionally acquired infections. Nosocomial bacteriuria or candiduria develops in up to 25 % of patients necessitating a urinary catheter for [ is greater than or equal to ] 7 yearss, with a day-to-day hazard of 5 % . CAUTI is the 2nd most common cause of nosocomial blood stream infection, and surveies by Platt et Al. and Kunin et Al. suggest that nosocomial CAUTIs are associated with well increased institutional decease rates, unrelated to the happening of urosepsis ( Tambyah, 2001 ) . For centuries, the urethral catheter system consisted of a tubing inserted through the urethra into the vesica and drained into an unfastened container. The closed catheter system was developed in the 1950s and is still in usage today ( Zweig, 2000 ) . UTIs are the most common nosocomial infection, accounting for 40 % of all hospital-reported infections and impacting about 600,000 patients yearly. Catheter interpolation is the primary hazard factor for nosocomial UTIs. Women and aged patients are at increased hazard for catheter-associated UTIs, but several other hazard factors exist. Pre-existing chronic unwellness, malnutrition, diabetes, nephritic inadequacy, and interpolation of the catheter outside the operating room or late in hospitalization are each associated with increased hazard of UTIs. UTIs besides add to the costs of attention by protracting hospitalization by 1 to 4 yearss and increasing the direct costs of intervention by an estimated $ 593 to $ 680 per infection ( Crosby, 2005 ) . They may affect a urosepsis, which carries a mortality rate that may be every bit high as 25 to 60 % . They frequently occur in patients with an indwelling urinary catheter. The lms and external surfaces of the catheter are the paths for bacterial entry into the vesica. For forestalling infection, the care of a closed unfertile drainage system is described as the most successful method. A closed drainage system was described for the first clip in 1928, and its benefit was appreciated much later ( Martin, 2001 ) . Excluding rare hematogenously derived pyelonephritis, caused about entirely by Staphylococcus aureus, most micro-organisms doing endemic CAUTI derive from the patient ‘s ain colonic and perineal vegetations or from the custodies of health-care forces during catheter interpolation or use of the aggregation system. Organisms addition entree in one of two ways. Extraluminal taint may happen early, by direct vaccination when the catheter is inserted, or subsequently, by beings go uping from the perineum by capillary action in the thin mucose movie immediate to the external catheter surface. Intraluminal taint occurs by reflux of micro-organisms deriving entree to the catheter lms from failure of closed drainage or taint of piss in the aggregation bag ( Tambyah, 2001 ) Catheterization of the vesica involves presenting a gum elastic or plastic tubing through the urethra and into the vesica. The catheter provides a uninterrupted flow of urine in patients who are unable to command urination or those with obstructors. It besides provides a agency of measuring urine end product in hemodynamically unstable clients. Because vesica catheterisation carries the hazard of urinary piece of land infections, obstruction, and injury to the urethra, it is preferred to trust on other steps for either specimen aggregation or direction of incontinency ( Potter A ; Perry, 2004 ) . The usage of urinary catheters should be avoided whenever possible. Clean intermittent catheterisation, when practical, is preferred to long- term catheterisation. Suprapubic catheters offer some advantages, and rubber catheters may be appropriate for some work forces. While clean handling of catheters is of import, everyday perineal cleansing and catheter irrigation or altering are uneffective in extinguishing bacteriuria. Bacteriuria is inevitable in patients necessitating long-run catheterisation, but merely diagnostic infections should be treated. Infections are normally polymicrobial, and earnestly sick patients require therapy with two antibiotics. Patients with spinal cord hurts and those utilizing catheters for more than 10 old ages are at greater hazard of vesica malignant neoplastic disease and nephritic complications ; periodic nephritic scans, urine cytology and cystoscopy may be indicated in these patients ( Zweig, 2000 ) . Recommendations Build up of secernments or incrustation at the catheter interpolation site is a beginning of annoyance and possible infection. The nurses, in order to avoid such a state of affairs, must supply perineal attention and hygiene at least twice daily or as needed for a patient with a keeping catheter. Soap and H2O are effectual in cut downing the figure of beings around the urethra. The nurse must non by chance progress the catheter up into the vesica during cleansing or hazard presenting bacteriums. In add-on to routine perineal attention and hygiene, many establishments recommend that clients with catheters receive particular attention at least three times a twenty-four hours and after laxation or intestine incontinency to assist minimise uncomfortableness and infection. Keeping a closed urinary drainage system is of import in infection control. A interruption in the system can take to debut of micro-organisms. Sites at hazard are the site of catheter interpolation, the drainage bag, the tap, the tubing junction, and the junction of the tubing and the bag. In add-on, the nurse has the duty to supervise the patency of the system to forestall pooling of piss within the tube. Urine in the drainage bag is an first-class medium for micro-organism growing. Bacterias can go up drainage tubing to turn in pools of piss. If this piss flows back to the patient ‘s vesica, an infection will probably develop. Suggestions for ways to forestall infections in catheterized patients are the undermentioned: Follow good manus hygiene techniques. Make non let the tap on the drainage system to touch a contaminated surface. Merely usage unfertile technique to roll up specimens from a closed drainage system. If the drainage tubing becomes disconnected, do non touch the terminals of the catheter or tube. Wipe the terminal of the tube and catheter with an antimicrobic solution before reconnecting. Ensure that each client has a separate receptacle for mensurating piss to forestall cross taint. Prevent pooling of piss in the tube and reflux of piss into the vesica. Avoid raising the drainage bag above the degree of the vesica. If it becomes necessary to raise the bag during transportation of a patient to a bed or stretcher, clamp the tube or empty the tube contents to the drainage bag foremost. Provide for drainage of piss from the tubing to the bag by positioning the tube. Empty the drainage bag at least every 8 hours. If big end products are noted, empty more often. Promote unstable consumption, if it is non contraindicated. Inclusion of cranberry juice has been shown to diminish the attachment of bacteriums to the vesica wall and to catheter lms. Remove the catheter every bit shortly as clinically warranted. Tape or procure the catheter suitably for the patient. Perform everyday perineal hygiene per bureau policy and after laxation R intestine incontinency. Good wellness depends in portion on a safe environment. Practices or techniques that control or prevent transmittal of infection aid to protect persons, particularly patients and wellness attention workers from disease. Patients in all wellness attention scenes are at hazard for geting infections because of lower opposition to infective micro-organisms, increased exposure to Numberss and types of disease-causing micro-organisms, and invasive processs. In acute attention or ambulatory attention installations, patients can be exposed to pathogens, some of which may be resistant to most antibiotics. By practising infection bar and control techniques, wellness attention workers can avoid distributing micro-organisms to patients and fellow wellness attention workers. In all scenes, the patients and their households must be able to acknowledge beginning of infections and be able to establish protective steps. Patient learning should include information refering infections, manners of transmittal, and methods of bar. The first major progress for forestalling CAUTI since the wide-scale acceptance of closed drainage 35 old ages ago is the development of catheters with antiinfective surfaces. These progresss should non be considered the concluding reply, nevertheless. Other engineerings that should be pursued include new, more powerful antiinfective stuffs ; microbe-impervious antireflux valves ; urethral stents ; conformable ( collapsable ) urethral catheters ; and vaccinums for enteral Gram-negative B and staphylococcus. Antiseptics are far more likely than bactericides to confabulate greater opposition to come up colonisation and non to choose for infection with antimicrobial-drug immune bacteriums or barms. New surface engineerings that release far greater measures of ionic Ag or other antiinfective agents into the aqueous environment immediate to the catheter surface might even forestall CAUTIs caused by intraluminal contaminations ( Tambyah, 2001 ) . Prevention of catheter-associated UTIs is more effectual, peculiarly for indwelling catheters, than trusting entirely on antimicrobic agents. ( 8 ) The most effectual pattern intercessions for cut downing catheter-associated UTIs include placing patients who no longer necessitate indwelling catheters, sing other catheterisation options or options to catheterisation, and supplying patient and health professional instruction when long-run indwelling catheterisation is needed ( Crosby, 2005 ) . Reducing the clip a patient is catheterized can be accomplished by systematic reminders to reexamine the continuance of catheterisation for each patient. In add-on to pattern intercession, the pick of catheters and related equipment can besides cut down UTIs well. Other methods of catheterisation should he considered before infixing an indwelling catheter. Catheterization options are based on the ground for catheterisation and the expected continuance of demand. Other options include condom catheters for males, suprapubic catheters for patients who require long-run indwelling drainage, and intermittent catheterisation for patients with spinal cord hurts. Patients who must utilize an indwelling catheter should hold a closed catheter system with a little catheter. Manufacturer ‘s recommendations for rising prices and deflation, system care, procuring the catheter, and decently positioning the drainage bag below the patient ‘s vesica should be followed. Preventing incrustati on and obstruction are besides really of import. Following these stairss and decently keeping closed drainage catheter systems has been shown to well cut down the hazard for UTI ( Crosby, 2005 ) . Summary and Conclusion Patient safety should be the figure one concern before, during and after each process in any infirmary. A elaborate cognition of the epidemiology, based on equal surveillance methodological analysiss, is necessary to understand the pathophysiology and the principle of preventative schemes that have been demonstrated to be effectual. In my country of work which is in the nephritic ward, the rules of general preventative steps such as the execution of criterion and isolation safeguards should be reviewed. Urinary catheterisation can do many wellness jobs. Options to catheterisation should be used whenever possible. Decrease of catheter-associated UTIs is based chiefly on preventative infection control patterns. The success of the nurse who patterns infection-control techniques is measured by finding whether the ends for cut downing or forestalling infection are achieved. A comparing of the patient ‘s response, such as absence of febrility or development of lesion drainage, with expected results determines the success of nursing intercessions. 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Implication of Microeconomics - Macroeconomic and International Economi

Question: Describe about the Implication of Microeconomics, Macroeconomic and International Economic Environment to Business Organization? Answer: Abstract In this assignment, there are three aspects such as micro economic, macroeconomic and the international environment that are very important for a business to thrive. Without this forms of environment it get difficult for the business to function. We have seen that the UK economy is very good in performing business, the economic indicators also provides a good picture. The country being a member of the European Union will be able to perform the free trade with the developed country. The developing country is also found to increase their contact with the country UK due to the dominant position. Thus, when the market of UK is saturated then it can rely on the developing economies. Implication of Microeconomics, Macroeconomic and International Economic Environment to Business Organization Economic Environment plays a pivotal role in the operation process of a business organization. The operation strategy of business organization and its success or failure depends on the current economic environment in which the organization is operating. The economic environment consists of a number of external and internal factors that exists in the business market and in the broader economy that may influence the current and future success of the business organization. The economic environment can be classified as three sections. These are microenvironment, macro environment and the international environment. Micro economic environment influences the individual decision making process of an organization. On the other hand, macroeconomic environment determines the market structure in which the business is operating and the marketing strategy of the business. Moreover, the international environment influences the operational strategy of the multinational firm. In this assignment, the main objective is to discuss about the importance of these three environments to a business organization elaborately. Understanding of Microeconomic Business Environment Importance of micro-economic environment: Microeconomics is a branch of economics that is used to make an analysis of the market behavior of a firm with the aim of understanding the decision making process of that particular organization. Micro economic environment has been referred to as the internal environment of the business organization. Various factors determine the microeconomic environment of a particular business organization. These are-1) amount of supply and demand, 2) price elasticity faced by the firm, 3) total and average marginal revenue, 4) factors of production and its allocation in the production process, 5)the availability of the limited resources, 6) the process of price determination and 7) how a particular firm responses with the change in the market price and quantity. These entire factors decide how a particular firm serves its customers. Among these above-mentioned factors, the demand is the most important one. A firm cannot operate well without sufficient amount of quantity demanded (Learnmarketing. net, 2015). Price elasticity is the responsiveness of the quantity demanded by a unit change in the price. A firm cannot be able to charge higher price if the demand for its product is relatively elastic (Williamson, 2014). On the other hand, a firm will be able to get high price if the demand for its product is quiet inelastic. The reason is in this case, the quantity demand face by the firm will not change and therefore the profit margin of the firm will not be affected much. Moreover, the quantity supplied of the firm depends on the average revenue and the marginal revenue (Goolsbee, 2015). A firm continues to increase its supply level to the point where marginal revenue is zero. The selection of the production process depends on the availability of the resources. The availability of the resources is another main important aspect of the microenvironment. The reason is the cost of factors production depends on its availability (Oxford College of Marketing Blog, 2014). A firm canno t modify the quantity supplied in the short run, as some factors of production cannot be varied in the SR. However, in the end, when all the factors are variable, then the firm can respond quickly to any change in the market price. At the time of determination of price, the firm generally considers the production cost and how much demand and profit the firm may face at a certain level of price. Therefore, it can be said that, all the factors influence the individual decision making process of a particular firm and for this reason the microenvironment is important for any business organization. Analysis of the Business objectives and Business behavior in the economic assignment: Business objective is an important part of the planning process of an organization. It describes what company wants to get or accomplish after a certain time interval through its operation process. The objectives of a business organization can be classified into two sections. These are maximizing objectives and non-maximizing objectives. Generally, it is believed that, the main concern of an organization is to maximize its profit. However, the firm has some other maximizing objectives. Some firm generally seeks to maximize its revenue rather than profit in order to raise its market share (Economicshelp.org, 2015). Other maximizing objectives are growth maximization through merger and takeover process and long run profit maximization through the reduction of the profit levels in the short run. On the other hand, the important non-maximizing objective is improvement of the productivity through the employment of skilled labour, improvement of the skill of current employee through traini ng program, employment of technologically advanced production process and modern equipments. Other nonmaximizing objective are to retention of the existing customers and attract the potential customers through providing good customer service, reduction of the employee turnover cost, improvement of the relation with employees in order to retain the skilled labour in the company, maintain good financial condition all the time and improve the brand loyalty and recognition. Ethical behavior and corporate social responsibilities of a business organization can benefits the organization in many ways (Firm, 2015). Ethical behavior helps the company to attract more customers and increase the demand for its products, encourages the employees to stay with the company and attract the potential employees to this company. Because of this, the organization is able to get highly skilled workers in with relatively less recruitment cost (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). In this way, the company can earn high profit; keep its share price high and able to draw more cash flow in to the company (Jupiter.plymouth.edu, 2015). However, many companies in order to increase its profit margin sometime follow unethical practices such as slashing the employee payment, offering lower quality product or employing non-environment friendly production process. These practices ultimately lead to smeared public relation and loss of market share in the future period. Business organization is a supply side entity and the main purpose of this is to achieve acertain commercial goals such as earn profit. Product Life Cycle is a sequence of four stages through which a business organization grows gradually (Productlifecyclestages.com, 2015). Product life cycle is very important for a business organization, as it will help the firm to design suitable marketing strategy. Moreover, size is positively related to the success of an organization. Large firm size means the organization has substantial market p ower, good financial condition and high opportunity for the RD process and able to enjoy the economies of scale (Quickmba.com, 2015). These factors in turn cause high profit or revenue earnings of the firm. The organizational structure influences the decision-making process within the firm and firms goals and objective determination process. Impact of market structures on business organizations: The structure of the market in which a business organization is operating has an important role in the strategic decision making process of that organization. There exists four types of market structure viz. perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. These structures are important because they affect the outcome of a business organization through its impact on the motivations, opportunities and decisions of the economic agents of the market. In a perfectly competitive market, there are numbers of buyers and sellers. This means that there is no competition in this market. Hence, no economic agent has the market power or opportunity to influence the price (Tutor2u.net, 2015). This leads to the firm and the buyer to act as a price takers and to make their individual activities up to the point where their utility is maximized. For this reason, the firms are not able to earn any profits. In the monopolistically competitive market, there exists lots of buyers an d sellers (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). However, in this market, the products of sellers are not perfectly substitute with each other. Rather they are slightly different. This implies that there exists some competition in the market. Moreover, operating firms have some market power to influence the price of their own product. However, the firms are not able to acquire supernormal profit. In the oligopolistic market, there are only few firms (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). For this reason, the market action of one firm influences the same of other firms. This indicates that, in this market structure, the firms have limited market power but they are able to gain profits substantially. However, in the monopolistic market structure, there exists only one firm. Hence, this firm has full market power to charge as much as possible high price and therefore able to earn high profit margin (Employment regulation and the labour market, 2015). According to the report published by CIPD , the condition of U.K labor market is very bad. The labor productivity, the remuneration and the participation of the young people into the labor force. In the U. K labor market, there exists some labor protection against discrimination on the ground of race, sex, disability and age. Moreover, there exists some regulation related to the minimum wage, old age pension, health and safety and flexible working time. However, labor protection of permanent workers against dismissal, collective dismissal and the regulation of temporary contracts are not satisfactory in the U.K labor market. Failure in the labor market occurs because of the existence of skill gap, poaching, labor immobility and inequality. This market failure affects the supply of labor in to a certain job and the existing wage level. However, in the U.K labor market, there does not exist any skill gap, immobility and inequality because og the labor protection law of U.K government. Therefore, it can be said that, any types of market failure do not affect the U.K labor market. Understanding of Macro-economic business environment National Income: Macroeconomic environment of a business organization in the overall condition of the economy in which the organization is operating. This environment includes economic, technological, societal and governmental influences. The accurate understanding of this macroeconomic environment is very essential as this influences the business process of the organization. Since it is not possible for nay company to change this environment like microenvironment, therefore they should adopt proper strategy so that they can operate the operation process successfully (Abel, Bernanke and Croushore, 2014). However, the decision makers of a business organization analyze the current macroeconomic environment by examining the trend of national income or GDP, inflation, unemployment, government spending, fiscal and monetary policies of the country in which it is currently operating. Among the above-mentioned factors, national income is the commonly used determinant. National income of a country is the tota l monetary value of the final goods and serviced that are produced in a country within in particular time interval. Three important methods are used to determine the national output of a country. These are Value added method, income method and the expenditure method. However, while calculating national income of a country some issues have to be faced. Among them, the four important issues are lack of reliable data, existence of non-monetized sector in the economy, difficulties in the classification of working population and inability to include the black market activities in the national income calculation process. However, in this context it is important to note that, the data that are used in the national income estimation process are not reliable all the time. The reason is the data that are used in the account calculation are mainly collected from various primary data sources. It has been often seen that, some producers are not interested to reveal the actual product and raw mat erial value. On the other hand, the buyers also sometime are not literate enough to give the proper data. The circular flow of income in an economy is the representation of how income is circulated in an economy. In a five-sector economy consisting of firm, household, government, financial and external sector, household allocate their income to consumption, saving, taxation and spending on imported good. Among these four spending, the last three are considered as withdrawal from the circular flow as they are not spent on the domestically produced output. On the other hand, private investment spending on the production process and government spending on the merit goods and export expenditure but the foreigners are treated as injections in the circular flow. Equilibrium in the macroeconomic environment is a situation when the amount of injection is equal to the withdrawal amount. This implies that. Equilibrium situation occurs when there exists no tendency to change the income, expend iture and the output level in the economy. Other two important determinant of macroeconomic environment is multiplier and inflation rate. Multiplier shows how much an endogenous variable changes in response to the one init change in the exogenous variable of the economy. On the other hand, inflation shows how much the price level increases overtime. The stability of an economy depends on the inflation rate. Impact of the government policies on the economy: Fiscal Policy and the monetary policy are the instruments that are used by the government and the central bank of a country to adjust the spending level, tax rate and the money supply of the economy. These are the two main tools that are followed by the government at the time of intervention in the economy with the aim of maintaining the economic stability. Government controls the total spending and tax revenue of a country by using the contractionary and expansionary fiscal policy. When the government wants to stimulate the growth rate through the increment of Aggregate demand, then it rises the government spending and reduces the tax rate (Bernheim and Whinston, 2014). This in turn encourages the manufacturing organizations to produce more and hire more people in the production process. In this way, the government upsurges the AD, AS and economic growth rate continuously in a cyclical manner and makes the unemployment level less (Krugman, 2014). On the other hand, the government so metime follows contractionary fiscal policy by reducing the government spending and raising the tax rate in order to control the AD of the economy. In this manner, the government keeps the balance of payment and inflation rate in a moderate level. Monetary Policy is the tool that is used by Central monetary authority of a country to control the cash liquidity condition of the economy. Central bank changes the interest rate, which in turn affects the decision of people regarding holding money in hand. In this way, the central bank influences the money spending and therefore demand in the economy. In this context it is important to note that, the fiscal and monetary policies are demand side policies as it influences the economy through making modification in the AD (Dornbusch, Fischer and Startz, 2014). However, the government has the ability to influence the productive capacity and therefore aggregate supply of the economy by adopting various types of supply side policies such as pri vatization, deregulation, reduction of income tax, provision of higher education facility and vocational training, deregulation of financial labor market, improvement of social infrastructure and reduction of tariff barrier. These policies help the government to lower inflation rate unemployment and improve balance of payment, trade and economic growth rate. In this ways various government policies directly affects the macroeconomic condition of the country and indirectly the operation process of the companies that are operating in this particular country. Impact of Macroeconomic Environment on Business Organization: SWOT and PESTLE analysis are two important tools that are used by the business enterprises in order to understand the impact of the macroeconomic environment on the business organization. SWOT analysis is followed to evaluate the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats that a business organization may face while operating in an environment. The following table illustrates the SWOT analysis of U.K business environment. Strengths: Availability of economic resources Good industrial relationship Political stability Good education system Stable economic condition Favorable Business environment Low unemployment Opportunities Government initiative to reduce trade barriers Availability of cheap labor because of recent migration Large consumer market size weakness Poor Transport System Low participation of the young people in the labor force Insufficient RD Lack of proper innovation and invention Threats: Continuously increasing competition Reduction of E.U spending on U.K Increase in the import of cheaper good from other countries PESTLE analysis is also used by the business organization while planning their business strategy in order to get a birds eye view of the concerned environment from many different angles. The following table shows the PESTLE analysis for U.K. Political factor: Good E.U regulation Easy accession of new members in E.U and therefore the opportunity of free trade with new countries Continuous up gradation of laws Economic factors: Change in interest rates Continuous terrorist attack affects the profitability of all industry People do not want to travel and investment Continuous growth of Sterling and Euro make the economic condition of U.K more stronger Social factors: The number of aged people is high in the demographic composition Workers from all over the world can work in this country Various types of tourism, sports and leisure activities are available in this country. Technological factors: Use of latest technology in Industry People are very much aware and skilled enough to use the advanced technology Market is becoming highly competitive technologically. Legal factors: Complex legal structure Minimum wage legislation Equality, health and safety legislation High corporate and income tax rate Environmental factors: Possibility of occurrence of natural disaster is low High environment pollution Biodiversity degradation Understanding of the implication of operating in the international environment on business organization Analysis of the features of the international economic environment: A business organization has to face some risk and opportunities when it decides to operate in an international environment. The main two risks are foreign exchange risk and the political risk. The fist kind of risk happens when the amount of investment and profit varies significantly only because of the continuous change in the domestic currencys exchange rate. On the other hand, political risk occurs when the policies of domestic country affects adversely the foreign country in which the organization has a branch. In this situation, the foreign country imposes some trade barriers and because of this, the organization may face issues to continue operation in that country (Bennett, 2011). Moreover, the diplomatic relation between two countries also plays a significant role in the success of a business in international environment. In this context, it can be said that since U.S is a developed country and because of one of the member of E.U, therefore the domestic companies of this coun try can reap the opportunities of free trade with other member countries. Moreover, many developing countries in the region of East and South East Asia have a good trade relationship with this country. This country is an active member of different international organization. Moreover, the domestic currency of U.K influence significantly in the global monetary system (Keillor, 2015). Therefore, it can be said that, the domestic business organization of U.K will not have to face much problems while making international operations both in other developed and in developing countries of South East and East Asia region (Pugel, 2012). Economic Implication of operating in the international environment on business organization: Various factors that exists in the international environment can affect the operation process of an business organization either positively or adversely. Among these, the three main factors are unemployment rate, inflation rate and labor cost. The business organization that wants to enter in the market of some developed countries have to compete with the already exists highly competitive players. In this situation, the entering strategy of the business organization has to sufficient enough so that it can overcome that competitive problem and able to set up the business process successfully. On the other hand, while making any in the market of some developing country, the business organization will be able to get the benefit of cheap labor cost. However, in this context it is important to note that, the successful international operation process of a business organization depends on the clear understanding of the economic system and adoption of proper business strategy according to th at understanding. Since the economic condition of any economy changes over time, therefore sustainability of the organization depends on how the organization responds to the changes (Feenstra and Taylor, 2012). Conclusion: The success or failure of a business depends on different types of environments under which the organization is operating. At the time of operation, the firm has to face different types internal and external factors that have the ability to influence the operation process. The organization can change some of factors, especially the microenvironment factors in order to make the condition favorable to the firm. However, the firm cannot alter the macro or the international environment factors. For this reason, the firm has to take some effective strategy in order to avoid or bypass the problems associate with these two types of environment. In this way, a business organization tries to maximize its objectives through the proper utilization all three market environments. References Abel, A., Bernanke, B. and Croushore, D. (2014).Macroeconomics. Boston: Pearson. Bennett, J. (2011).The International Handbook on Non-Market Environmental Valuation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Bernheim, B. and Whinston, M. (2014).Microeconomics. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Dornbusch, R., Fischer, S. and Startz, R. (2014).Macroeconomics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Economicshelp.org, (2015).Economic Objectives of Firms | Economics Help. [online] Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/costs/objectives-firms/ [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Employment regulation and the labour market. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/employment-regulation-and-the-labour-market_2015.pdf [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Feenstra, R. and Taylor, A. (2012).International economics. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Firm, C. (2015).Concept Of Profit Maximization Objective Of The Firm | Accounting-Management. [online] Accountlearning.blogspot.in. Available at: https://accountlearning.blogspot.in/2012/12/concept-of-profit-maximization.html [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Goolsbee, A. (2015).Microeconomics. [S.l.]: Worth Pub. Jupiter.plymouth.edu, (2015).Objective of the firm. [online] Available at: https://jupiter.plymouth.edu/~harding/fin/objective.html [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Keillor, B. (n.d.).Understanding the global market. Krugman, P. (2014).Microeconomics. [Place of publication not identified]: Worth Pub. Learnmarketing.net, (2015).The Marketing Environment. [online] Available at: https://www.learnmarketing.net/environment.htm [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Oxford College of Marketing Blog, (2014).Micro and Macro Environment Factors | Oxford College of Marketing Blog. [online] Available at: https://blog.oxfordcollegeofmarketing.com/2014/11/04/the-impact-of-micro-and-macro-environment-factors-on-marketing/ [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Productlifecyclestages.com, (2015).Product Life Cycle Stages. [online] Available at: https://productlifecyclestages.com/ [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Pugel, T. (2012).International economics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Quickmba.com, (2015).Product Life Cycle. [online] Available at: https://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Small Business - Chron.com, (2015).Ethical Issues in Maximizing Profit. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/ethical-issues-maximizing-profit-34328.html [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Small Business - Chron.com, (2015).Ethical Issues in Maximizing Profit. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/ethical-issues-maximizing-profit-34328.html [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Small Business - Chron.com, (2015).How Do Elements of a Marketing Environment Affect Marketing Decision-Making?. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/elements-marketing-environment-affect-marketing-decisionmaking-35841.html [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Small Business - Chron.com, (2015).10 Most Important Business Objectives. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/10-important-business-objectives-23686.html [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Tutor2u.net, (2015).Business Objectives | Economics | tutor2u. [online] Available at: https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/business-objectives [Accessed 21 Dec. 2015]. Williamson, S. (2014).Macroeconomics. Boston: Pearson.

Nebamun Painting Interpretation free essay sample

The main purpose of this artwork is the importance of Nebamun in afterlife. This artwork has emphasized the personality of Nebamun that is active, optimism, and caring about family. It commemorates it through eternity. The real meanings of this artwork are showing Nebamun is enjoying and seeing beauty in afterlife. It is written by hieroglyphic caption as the background in the artwork. The huge standing figure of Nebamun is present that he is forever happy and forever young in his afterlife. The scene of hunting describes Nebamuun conquest over the nature in his afterlife. This artwork is categories into the imitationlist. Nebamun is scribe and grain counter, which is an accountant in the Temple of Amun. Nebamun is representing the Nobleman of the 18th Dynasty Egyptian and his name means â€Å"My Lord is Amun†. Hatsheput, Nebamun’s wife and his daughter represent the idealized family outing in the spirit world. He wanted to be accompanied by his family forever. We will write a custom essay sample on Nebamun Painting Interpretation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nebamun daugther has side-lock hairstyles that represent the sign of youth. The fertile marsh in the artwork is representing the rebirth and the eroticism of human. The feral cat, which is catching birds, is the God of Sun hunting enemies of light and order. The cat and birds are also representing the symbol of fertility and female sexuality. Indirectly, the artwork is telling us the society activities. In 18th Dynasty Egyptian, hunting is depicted rather than netting. It is showing the elite’s ideal activity. Nebamun wanted to be remembered as elite, which can participate this activity. The style of this painting is emphasizing on the outline, using the limited space illusion and using the flat color tones. This is the style that common used in 18th dynasty Egyptian’s painting. This painting technique is fresco secco, employed in earlier Egyptian. The medium used of the artist is painted plaster. The medium used on Hatsheput’s head is perfumed wax. The materials used for this painting is the wet plaster, the mixed of lime, sand and water.

Ten tips for perfect punctuation - Emphasis

Ten tips for perfect punctuation Ten tips for perfect punctuation More people are unsure of their punctuation than would ever care to admit it. Use our quick guide to make sure youre not one of them. Never use its with an apostrophe unless it means it is or it has – its amazing how many people use it wrongly. Beware also the greengrocers apostrophe (peas, carrots) when forming plurals. Apostrophes should usually only be used to show possession or omission. The exception is to avoid confusion when forming plurals of letters (eg As, which looks like As if you leave out the apostrophe). Some people object to using and or but at the beginning of sentences. But this probably has more to do with lingering fears of that scary old English teacher you had years ago than any real grammatical rule. And thats all there is to it. If you dont believe us, look again at a Shakespeare play – or even a well-respected business magazine such as The Economist. Semi-colons (;) can replace and or but. They denote a pause thats longer than a comma but shorter than a full stop (or period). Think of them as super commas if it helps. Dont overuse them, though (see below). Colons can replace so, therefore and because. The full stop (period) is the readers best friend – and it could be yours. It shortens sentences, making them easier to read. And it can get you out of a pickle when youre trying to find a clever way of saying two or three things in the same sentence: just use two or three sentences instead. Use semi-colons, brackets and dashes sparingly, as theyre stylistically heavy. If in doubt, split the sentence. If you put additional information in a sentence, like this, remember to use commas or dashes either side of the information. Its hard for the reader if theyre left out. Using all capitals on headings is hard on the eye, as it removes the all-important shape from words. (We use shape to recognise words more than you may realise.) So use initial capitals only. Too many exclamations are irritating!

Reading Early American Newspapers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading Early American Newspapers - Assignment Example The people of American have always had a voice and proved at this time that they were tired of hereditary politics. The people speak through the election, and this is very clear by Jacksonian ticket aspirants being elected with a majority of votes despite being unpopular among the elite politicians of the time. The nation of America has been very conscious by the type of leader it elects. The article shows the people were judging politicians by their performance and not by popularity. The author laments of bad governorship where leaders are elected by a majority and then after a short while they prove to be selfish and corrupt. However, during the next elections the leaders never ascend to the office. The fact manifests importance of elections in any society. The elections provide the people an opportunity to choose good governance and the leader they feel will deliver. Just like today politicians were very powerful people in the government. The article shows any abuse of office will result into massive voter loss during the next elections. The culture of voting in America is very unpredictable. The famous politicians undermined Jacksonian ticket counterparts, and they emerged victoriously. The only way a politician can win an electoral post is to ensure that he has touch with the people. The leader should be selfless and have the will of the people at heart. The nation is always looking for a leader with the selfless attributes and love of the nation to elect. The nation of America has always been hospitable and accommodates many foreigners. The article shows presence of Irish countrymen during the time of the election. The foreigners were given the privilege of voting. However, they still voted for Jacksons. The act emphasizes on the will of the people to want credible leaders who have their interest at heart. The article explains the importance of democracy and many parties that one can choose in regard to their policy. The early

China and GCC relations Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

China and GCC relations - Thesis Proposal Example On an industry level, these needs pave the way for a new and improved breed of Chinese energy companies which are no longer characterized by low-cost and substandard quality only but by upgraded technological, financial and labor capabilities. According to Grunor (150) the China-GCC trade and transactions have increased notable in the past two decades with the Chinese exports increasing by seven-fold and the GCC increasing by five-fold. On the other hand, the member states of GCC are making efforts to improve and stabilize their economies by look for global partners to sell their products. Since the terrorist attack in the US in the year 2001, there has been a shift of attention from the west to other regions of the world. According to Brauch et al. (342) the September 11 attack affected the global trading trends with the Arab countries put under scrutiny and isolation. The Arab countries opted to move to other parts of the world to advance their economic endeavors. The research paper aims to examine the different avenues that China relates with the GCC and its member states. The objective of the research is to examine the relations between China and GCC. According to Gransow (63) the relationship between China and the Arab countries has not been put into allot of research and this can be associated to limited research work in this regions. In that manner, the research will try answer the following questions; To attain the objectives of the study, the study deployed qualitative analysis research method and inclusion of other data collection method to acquire data from both primary and secondary sources. The research will also deploy the use of quantitative analysis research method to some extent. This is because the research will focus on analyzing the economic activities and relations. According to Tolmie (218) research based on measuring extensive of figures and growth needs to deployed quantitative method.